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Wednesday, August 5, 2015

Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 184

  • Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 184



Question 900: [Gravitation]
A binary star consists of two stars that orbit about a fixed point C, as shown in Fig.1.

The star of mass M1 has a circular orbit of radius R1 and the star of mass M2 has a circular orbit of radius R2. Both stars have the same angular speed ω, about C.
(a) State the formula, in terms of G, M1, M2, R1, R2 and ω for
(i) gravitational force between the two stars,
(ii) centripetal force on the star of mass M1.

(b) The stars orbit each other in a time of 1.26 × 108 s (4.0 years). Calculate angular speed ω for each star.

(c)
(i) Show that the ratio of masses of the stars is given by the expression
M1 / M2 = R2 / R1
(ii) The ratio M1 / M2 is equal to 3.0 and the separation of the stars is 3.2 × 1011 m.

(d)
(i) By equating the expressions you have given in (a) and using the data calculated in (b) and (c), determine the mass of one of the stars.
(ii) State whether answer in (i) is for the more massive or for the less massive star.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2004 Paper 4 Q3



Solution 900:
(a)
(i) Gravitational force = GM1M2 / (R1 + R2)2

(ii) Centripetal force = M1R1ω2                       OR = M2R2ω2

(b)
Angular speed ω = 2Ï€ / (1.26 × 108)               OR 2Ï€ / T
Angular speed ω = 4.99 × 10-8 rad s-1
allow 2 s.f.: 1.59Ï€ × 10-8 scores 1/2

(c)
(i)
Reference to EITHER taking moments (about C) OR they have the same (centripetal) force
M1R1 = M2R2                          OR      M1R1ω2 = M2R2ω2
hence M1 / M2 = R2 / R1

(ii)
{M1 / M2 = 3. Since M1 / M2 = R2 / R1, the ratio R2 / R1 = 3 giving R1 = R2 / 3
The separation of the stars = R1 + R2 = 3.2 × 1011 m.
Since R1 = R2 / 3,        R2/3 + R2 = 3.2 × 1011 m
4R2 / 3 = 3.2 × 1011 m}
R2 = 3/4 × (3.2 × 1011 m) = 2.4 × 1011 m
R1 = (3.2 × 1011) – R2 = 8.0 × 1010 m (allow vice versa)

(d)
(i)
{ Gravitational force = GM1M2 / (R1 + R2)2. The gravitational force provides the centripetal force which is equal to M1R1ω2.
So, GM1M2 / (R1 + R2)2 = M1R1ω2 }
M2 = {(R1 + R2)2 × R1 × Ï‰2} / G
M2 = (3.2 × 1011)2 × 8.0×1010 × (4.99 × 10-8)2 / (6.67 × 10-11) = 3.06 × 1029 kg

(ii) The less massive star (only award this mark if reasonable attempt at (i))









Question 901: [Vectors]
A mass of 2kg is in equilibrium on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. Find
(i) the minimum force required so that the mass is in equilibrium,
(ii) the normal reaction force on the mass by the plane

Reference: ???

Solution 901:
(i)
Weight of the body = mg = 2 × 10 = 20N



The minimum force required so that the mass is in equilibrium must be equal in magnitude to the component of the weight along the inclined plane.
Minimum Force = 20 sin30 = 10N

(ii)
The normal reaction force is perpendicular to the inclined plane and equal to the component of weight in that direction.
Normal Force = 20 cos30 = 17.3N









Question 902: [Kinematics > Air resistance]
A tennis ball is thrown horizontally in air from top of a tall building.
If the effect of air resistance is not negligible, what happens to the horizontal and vertical components of the ball’s velocity?

horizontal component of velocity                   vertical component of velocity
A                     constant                                                           constant
B                     constant                                               increases at a constant rate
C         decreases to zero                                             increases at a constant rate
D         decreases to zero                                             increases to a maximum value

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2014 Paper 11 Q6



Solution 902:
Answer: D.
The tennis ball is thrown horizontally in air from the top of a tall building.  Since air resistance is not negligible, the horizontal component of velocity does not remain constant. It decreases to zero since air resistance is a form of friction which opposes motion. [A and B are incorrect]

Due to the acceleration due to gravity, the vertical component would increase. However, the air resistance would also increase in the opposite direction until the air resistance is equal to the weight of the object. The object’s vertical component of velocity reaches a maximum value called the terminal velocity. [C is incorrect]









Question 903: [Simple harmonic motion]
A piston moves vertically up and down in a cylinder, as illustrated in Fig.1.

Piston is connected to a wheel by means of a rod that is pivoted at the piston and at the wheel. As the piston moves up and down, the wheel is made to rotate.
(a)
(i) State number of oscillations made by the piston during one complete rotation of the wheel.
(ii) The wheel makes 2400 revolutions per minute. Determine frequency of oscillation of the piston.

(b) Amplitude of the oscillations of the piston is 42 mm.
Assuming that these oscillations are simple harmonic, calculate the maximum values for the piston of
(i) linear speed,
(ii) the acceleration.

(c) On Fig.1, mark a position of the pivot P for the piston to have
(i) maximum speed (mark this position S),
(ii) maximum acceleration (mark this position A).

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2006 Paper 4 Q4



Solution 903:
(a)
(i) Number of oscillations = 1.0

(ii)
{Frequency is the number of revolutions in 1s. 1min = 60s. In 1s, there are 2400 / 60 = 40 revolutions.}
Frequency = 40Hz

(b)
(i) Linear speed = 2Ï€fa = 2Ï€ × 40 × (42 × 10-3) = 10.6 m s-1

(ii) Acceleration = 4Ï€2f2 a = (80Ï€)2 × 42 × 10-3 = 2650 m s-2
{4Ï€2f2 = 22Ï€2f2 = 22Ï€2(40)2 = (2×40)2Ï€2 = (80Ï€)2}

(c)
(i) S should be marked correctly (on ‘horizontal line through centre of wheel)

(ii) A should be marked correctly (on ‘vertical line’ through centre of wheel)





13 comments:

  1. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  2. For 06/O/N/04 Q.8(a)(i), see solution 904 at
    http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/08/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-185.html

    For 04/M/J/05 Q.5(b), see solution 907 at
    http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/08/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-185.html

    ReplyDelete
  3. why the less massive star? any explanation?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The equation M2 = {(R1 + R2)2 × R1 × Ï‰2} / G above
      shows that the greater the value of R1, the bigger is the mass M2. Since the radius R1 is shorter than R2, it implies that M2 is smaller than M1.

      Delete
    2. ratio of M1/M2 is said to be 3 i.e. 3/1
      So M2 is smaller

      Delete
    3. Why cant we use keplers 3rd law???

      Delete
    4. kepler's law is not exactly in the syllabus but teachers like to include it in notes

      Delete
  4. Can you please explain how S is horizontal and A is vertical in question 903??

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The piston undergoes simple harmonic motion vertically. For shm, speed is zero at maximum displacement (amplitude) but maximum when displacement is zero (at S). Similarly, acceleration is maximum at maximum displacement (vertically) (at A).

      Delete
    2. About the same question....

      It's presumable but how do we know that the no. of oscillation made by the piston during one complete rotation of the wheel is
      1.

      Please try to reply fast, have exam tomorrow

      Delete
    3. COnsider 1 oscillation. THe piston is initially up. It goes completely down and then movse up again to its original position. This is one oscillation and this corresponds to one complete rotataion of the wheel.

      If you are not convinced, try to build a small model and perform the experiment

      Delete

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