Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 94
Question 483: [Forces]
Car of mass 750 kg has horizontal driving force of 2.0 kN acting on it. It has forward horizontal acceleration of 2.0 m s–2.
What is the resistive force acting horizontally?
A 0.50 kN B 1.5 kN C 2.0 kN D 3.5 kN
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2008 Paper 1 Q11 & June 2013 Paper 11 Q12
Solution 483:
Answer: A.
Resultant force = ma = 750 (2.0) = 1500N = 1.5kN
Resultant force = Driving force – Resistive force
Resistive force = Driving force – Resultant force = 2.0 – 1.5 = 0.5kN
Question 484: [Kinematics]
Aeroplane travels at average speed of 600 km h–1 on an outward flight and at 400 km h–1 on return flight over the same distance.
What is the average speed of whole flight?
A 111 m s–1 B 167 m s–1 C 480 km h–1 D 500 km h–1
Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2013 Paper 11 & 12 Q8
Solution 484:
Answer: C.
Some may give the average as (600 +
400) / 2 = 500 km h-1. [Choice D] But this is wrong. Averages are
not that simple unless the 2 times are the same and not the 2 distances.
Average speed = Total distance /
Total time
Let distance travelled for outward
flight, which is equal to the distance travelled for inward flight = d. So,
total distance travelled for the outward and return flights = 2d.
For each flight speed, v = d / (time,
t). The time will be different since the speed is different for the flights.
let time for outward flight = tout. tout = (d/600) h. [h: hour]
let time for inward flight = tin. tin
= (d/400) h.
Total time, t = tout + tin
= d/600 + d/400 = (d/240) h
Average speed = total distance /
total time = 2d / (d/240) = 480 km h-1
Question 485: [Current of Electricity]
Diagram shows part of a current-carrying circuit. Ammeter has negligible internal resistance.
What is the reading on ammeter?
A 0.7 A B 1.3 A C 1.5 A D 1.7 A
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2011 Paper 13 Q37
Solution 485:
Answer: C.
The equivalent resistance in the circuit = Req
1 / Req = 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/5
Equivalent resistance, Req = [1/1 + 1/2 + 1/5]-1 = [17/10]-1 = (10/17) Ω
p.d. across the connection = IReq = 5 (10/17) = (50/17) V
From Kirchhoff’s law, the p.d. across each loop is the same.
Let the current across the 2.0 Ω resistor be I2.
Ohm’s law: V = IR
Current I2 = (50/17) / 2 = 50/34 = 1.47 = 1.5A
Question 486: [Measurements]
In circuit shown, an analogue ammeter is to be recalibrated as a thermometer. Graph shows how resistance R of the thermistor changes with temperature T.
Which diagram could represent temperature scale on the ammeter?
Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2014 Paper 13 Q3
Solution 486:
Answer: A.
The graph shown is that of
resistance R of the thermistor (not current) against temperature T.
Ohm’s law: V = IR
Current I = V / R. So, the current
is inversely proportional to the resistance R. The ammeter measures the
current, not the resistance in a circuit.
The resistance falls rapidly with
temperature at low temperatures, so the current will rise rapidly at low
temperatures. Therefore, we need a larger region of the scale to represent a fixed
amount of change in current at low temperatures. If the values on the scales
are close to each other, the change in readings may not be noticeable.
The resistance curve becomes flatter
at higher temperatures, so the current will change more slowly with
temperature. Therefore, to represent this region of large temperature, a
relatively smaller region of the scale is required. So, the values of the scale
can be closer to each other.
Question 487: [Operational Amplifier]
(a) An operational amplifier (op-amp) may be used as comparator.
State function of a comparator.
(b) Variation with temperature θ of resistance R of a thermistor is
shown in Fig.
Thermistor is connected into the
circuit of Fig.
Op-amp may be considered to be
ideal.
(i) Temperature of thermistor is 10
°C.
Determine resistance of the variable
resistor X such that output potential VOUT is zero.
(ii) Resistance of resistor X is now
held constant at the value calculated in (i). Describe change in the output
potential VOUT as temperature of the thermistor is changed from 5 °C
to 20 °C.
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2011 Paper 41 Q9
Solution 487:
(a) A comparator is used to compare two potentials / voltages. The
output depends upon which is greater.
(b)
(i)
Resistance of thermistor = 2.5 kΩ
{VOUT = 105
(V+ – V-) where the open-loop gain = 105.
V+ may be obtained by
considering the two 2.0 kΩ. The total potential difference
across them is 5V. Since both have the same resistance, the p.d. across each of
them is 5 / 2 = 2.5V. So, V+ = 2.5V.
VOUT is said to
be zero. Therefore, V- must be equal to V+ = 2.5V. This
is half the total potential of 5V across both the thermistor and resistor X. So,
for this to occur, both the thermistor and the resistor X should have the same
p.d. across them. So, resistance
of resistor X= 2.5 kΩ.}
Resistance of resistor X= 2.5 kΩ
(ii) (At 5 °C or) For temperatures
less than 10 °C, V– is greater than V+ so VOUT
is –9 V. (at 10 °C or) For temperatures greater than 10 °C, V– is
less than V+ and VOUT is +9 V. VOUT switches
between negative and positive at 10 °C.
Question 488: [Matter
> Deformation]
Tension in a spring of natural
length l0 is first increased from zero to T1, causing
length to increase to l1. Tension is then reduced to T2,
causing length to decrease to l2 (as shown).
Which area of the graph represents the
work done by the spring during this reduction in length?
A MLP B MNQP C
MNSR D MPLU
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2002 Paper 1 Q24
Solution 488:
Answer: B.
The work done by the spring is given
by the area under the tension-length graph.
The reduction is from l1
to l2, corresponding to points P and Q respectively. The tension
changes from T1 (point M) to T2 (point N). Thus, we need
to consider the area of the trapezium MNQP formed.
For solution 484 I still don't understand why the average is only that simply if the times are the same and not the distances? Thanks for this blog btw it is amazing
ReplyDeletethe time would simply be twice, so we could divide by 2 in that case.
Deletefor 483 why cant we use F-f=ma?
ReplyDeleteand why did you subtract?
the 2 forces are in opposite direction. so the resultant is obtained by subtraction of the forces.
Deletethen, this resultant = ma