Question 1
A strong wind of speed
33 m s-1 blows against a wall. The density of the air is
1.2 kg m-3. The wall has an area of 12 m2 at right angles to the wind velocity. The air
has its speed reduced to zero when it hits the wall.
What is the
approximate force exerted by the air on the wall?
A 330 N B 400
N C 480
N D 16
000 N
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2013 Paper 12 Q9
Solution:
Answer:
D.
Force F = Δp / t = mΔv / t
The air has its speed
reduced to zero. So, Δv = 33 – 0 = 33 m s-1
We need to find the mass m
of the air that hits the wall and the time t.
Available data:
density ρ = 1.2 kg m-3 area
A = 12 m2 speed
v = 33 m s-1
Density = mass / volume giving mass
m = Density × volume
However, we do not have
the volume, BUT we know that volume = A × d
Mass m = ρ × (A × d)
------------------ (1)
Again, we do not have the
value of d.
BUT, speed = distance /
time = d / t
So, instead of using only
d, we use d/t. To make this possible, we divide equation (1) by t on both
sides.
m/t = ρ × (A × d/t) = ρ × (A × v)
m/t = 1.2 × (12×33)
Consider the equation for
force again.
Force F = Δp / t = mΔv / t = (m/t) × Δv = ρ × (A × v) × Δv
Force F = 1.2 × (12×33) ×
33 = 15 681.6 ≈ 16 000 N
Notes:
1.
The quantity ‘m/t’ is the
rate at which the air hits the wall. That is, how much mass of air hits the
wall in 1 second. Note that ‘rate’ is a basic concept learnt in maths many
years back but we tend not to apply it in physics.
At A-Level, very often we
will need to manipulate equations to make up for information that is not
explicitly provided.
2.
From the formula F = Δp / t
= mΔv /t, it is not only the Δv that should be divided by time t. Students
usually have this misconception as most of the time, we divide Δv by time. But
the mass can also be divided by time giving the ‘rate of … of mass’.
Example
1: In a rocket, the fuel gets used up
with time as the rockets moves up into space. The quantity ‘m/t’ may represent
the rate at which fuel is being used up.
Example
2: If sand is falling from bag at constant
speed, the quantity ‘m/t’ may represent the rate of fall of sand. …
3.
If we consider the units
in
Force F = Δp / t and
Force F= … = ρ × (A × v) ×
Δv
We would observe that the
overall unit is still the same in both cases, and equal to the unit of force.
So, the equation is still correct.
great
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