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Monday, April 13, 2015

Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 111

  • Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 111



Question 566: [Waves]
(a) Source of sound has frequency f. Sound of wavelength λ is produced by the source.
(i) State
1. what is meant by frequency of the source,
2. distance moved, in terms of λ, by a wavefront during n oscillations of the source.
(ii) Use answers in (i) to deduce an expression for speed v of the wave in terms of f and λ.

(b) Waveform of a sound wave produced on screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) is shown in Fig.

Time-base setting of the c.r.o. is 2.0 ms cm–1.
(i) Determine frequency of the sound wave.
(ii) A second sound wave has same frequency as that calculated in (i). Amplitude of the two waves is the same but phase difference between them is 90°.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2010 Paper 23 Q5


Solution 566:
(a)
(i)
1. The frequency of the source is the number of oscillations produced by the source per unit time

2.
{For 1 oscillation, the distance moved by a wavefront is λ}
Distance moved during n oscillations = nλ

(ii)
EITHER
Speed v = distance / time = (nλ) / t
But n / t = frequency f            hence Speed v= fλ

OR
If there are f oscillations per unit time, so (fλ) is the distance per unit time.
The distance per unit time is the speed v, so v = fλ

(b)
(i)
{1 period corresponds to 3 squares (3cm) on the screen. The time-base setting is such that 1cm represents 2ms.}
1.0 period is 3 × 2 = 6.0 ms
Frequency (= 1/ T) = 1 / (6 × 10–3) = 170 Hz




(ii)
{1 complete wave (1 wavelength) corresponds to 360°. So, 90° would correspond to a quarter of a wavelength. So, the new wave should be displaced from the one shown by a distance equal to λ/4. Or, in terms of time, this is displaced by a time of T/4}




The wave should be drawn (with approx. same amplitude and) with correct phase difference










Question 567: [Matter > Density]
Diagram shows the atoms of a substance with atoms at the corners of a cube. Average separation of the atoms at a particular temperature is 15 nm.

When the temperature changes so that average separation becomes 17 nm, by which factor will the density of the substance change?
A 0.61                                     B 0.69                         C 0.78                         D 0.88

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2014 Paper 11 & 12 Q19



Solution 567:
Answer: B.
Density = mass / volume
The mass M is independent of changes in temperature,

Initial volume = 15 x 15 x 15 = 153 nm3
Initial density ρi = M / (153)

Final volume = 17 x 17 x 17 = 173 nm3
Final density ρf = M / (173)

Let the factor by which the density of the substance changes = y
ρf = y (ρi)
Factor y = ρf / ρi = [M / (173)] / [M / (153)] = 153 / 173 = 0.69











Question 568: [Nuclear Physics]
U++ is doubly-ionised uranium atom. Uranium atom has a nucleon number of 235 and a proton number of 92.
In a simple model of the atom, how many particles are in this ionised atom?
A 235                          B 325                          C 327                          D 329

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2014 Paper 11 Q39



Solution 568:
Answer: B.
The nucleus of the uranium atom contains 235 nucleons (this includes the number of neutrons and protons).

A neutral atom would have 92 electrons (equal to the number of proton so that the atom is neutral), but this atom is doubly-ionised (2 electrons have been removed) and positive, so it must have 90 electrons.

There are (235 nucleons + 90 electrons =) 325 particles in total.










Question 569: [Kinematics]
Small steel ball falls freely under gravity after being released from rest.
Which graph best represents variation of the height h of the ball with time t?

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2010 Paper 12 Q8



Solution 569:
Answer: B.
Since the ball is released from rest, its height initially has greatest value. [D is incorrect]

The gradient of the graph represents the velocity of the ball.
At rest, the velocity is zero, so the gradient should be zero at t = 0. [C is incorrect]

Due to gravity, the ball accelerates as it falls. So, its speed increases with time. This is represented by a change in gradient in the graph. [A is incorrect]





15 comments:

  1. How is the gradient zero in C?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. at t=0, gradient is NOT zero. that's why C is incorrect.

      Delete
  2. I am actually so confused between C and B and i dont get it :(

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I already made a detailed explanation on gradient before.

      Try to combine the explanation here along with the notes on gradient at
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/03/physics-graphs-basics-2-nature-of.html

      If you still do not understand, let me know. Also, tell me what actually you are confused about, then. But I believe you should understand after reading the notes on gradient.

      Delete
    2. so in B, at time t=0, the gradient is infinite where it has to be Zero?

      Delete
    3. So in C, at time t=0 the gradient is infinite, when it has to be zero as it is released from rest.

      Delete
    4. no, in B, a tangent drawn at t=0 will be a horizontal line. a horizontal line has a gradient = 0, not infinite

      Delete
  3. I cant get your explanation of option A in solition 569...
    If speed is increasing with time then why B is answer its gradient also decreasing

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. B is not decreasing. It is negative but increasing.

      For more details about gradient, I recommend
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/03/physics-graphs-basics-2-nature-of.html

      Delete
  4. Replies
    1. go to
      https://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2018/11/a-cyclist-is-moving-up-slope-that-has.html

      Delete
  5. How do you tell that when t=0 the velocity in c isnt 0?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. In a height (distance)-time graph, the gradient gives the velocity, At time t = 0, a tangent drawn would be a steep line – indicating that the velocity is NOT zero. The velocity is zero when the line is horizontal.

      Delete

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