Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 210
Question 1008: [Electromagnetism > Hall probe]
A solenoid is connected in series
with a battery and a switch. A Hall probe is placed close to one end of the
solenoid, as illustrated in Fig. 7.1.
The current in the solenoid is
switched on. The Hall probe is adjusted in position to give the maximum
reading. The current is then switched off.
(a) The current in the solenoid is now switched on again. Several
seconds later, it is switched off. The Hall probe is not moved.
On the axes of Fig. 7.2, sketch a
graph to show the variation with time t of the Hall voltage VH.
(b) The Hall probe is now replaced by a small coil. The plane of the
coil is parallel to the end of the solenoid.
(i) State Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction.
(ii) On the axes of Fig. 7.3, sketch
a graph to show the variation with time t of the e.m.f. E induced in the coil
when the current in the solenoid is switched on and then switched off.
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2014 Paper 41 & 43 Q7
Solution 1008:
(a) For the graph, the Hall voltage VH increases from zero
when the current is switched on. VH then has a non-zero constant
value. VH then returns to zero when the current is switched off.
{The Hall voltage depends
on the magnetic field and the magnetic field depends on the current flowing in
the solenoid. When the switch is off, no current flows, thus no magnetic field
is present and VH is zero. When the switch is on, current flows and
VH is not zero. VH is constant because the current is not
changing (it is d.c., not a.c.).}
(b)
(i) Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction states that the (induced) e.m.f. is proportional to the rate of
change of (magnetic) flux (linkage).
(ii) The graph consists of a pulse
as the current is being switched on. There is zero e.m.f when there is current
in the coil. Then, there is a pulse in the opposite direction when switching
off.
{Recall Faraday’s law
above. An e.m.f. is only induced when there is a ‘change’ in magnetic flux.
This only occurs when the current is being switched on or off. When the current
has a constant value of current (this may be zero or non-zero – as long as it
is constant), no e.m.f. is induced.
The pulses are opposite
because when the current is switched on, the change is from ‘off’ to ‘on’, and
when the current is switched off, the change is from ‘on’ to ‘off’. This
changes are opposite to each other.}
Question 1009:
[Measurements > Uncertainties]
(a) State the most appropriate instrument, or instruments, for the
measurement of the following.
(i) the diameter of a wire of
diameter about 1 mm
(ii) the resistance of a filament
lamp
(iii) the peak value of an
alternating voltage
(b) The mass of a cube of aluminium is found to be 580 g with an
uncertainty in the measurement of 10 g. Each side of the cube has a length of
(6.0 ± 0.1) cm.
Calculate the density of aluminium
with its uncertainty. Express your answer to an appropriate number of
significant figures.
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2009 Paper 21 Q1
Solution 1009:
(a)
(i) Micrometer (screw gauge) /
travelling microscope
(ii) EITHER ohm-meter OR voltmeter
and ammeter OR multimeter / avo on ohm setting
(iii) EITHER (calibrated) c.r.o. OR
a.c. voltmeter and ×√2
(b)
Density ρ =
mass m / volume V = 580 / 63 = 2.685gcm-3
% uncertainty in the mass, Δm =
(10 / 580) × 100 = 1.7%
% uncertainty in the volume, ΔV = 3
× (0.1 / 6) × 100 = 5.0%
{Density ρ = m / V.
Percentage uncertainties: Δρ/ρ
× 100% = [Δm/m + ΔV/V] × 100%
% uncertainty in density =
1.7 + 5.0 = 6.7%
% uncertainty in density = Δρ/ρ × 100% = 6.7% = 6.7 / 100
Density ρ = 2.685gcm-3
So, Δρ = 6.7% × ρ = (6.7 / 100) × 2.685 = 0.18}
Uncertainty in density Δρ = 0.18gcm-3
{Uncertainty is given to
only 1s.f.}
So, density = 2.7 ± 0.2gcm-3
Question 1010:
[Dynamics > Collisions]
Two balls X and Y are moving towards
each other with speeds of 5 m s–1 and 15 m s–1 respectively.
They make a perfectly elastic
head-on collision and ball Y moves to the right with a speed of 7 m s–1.
What is the speed and direction of
ball X after the collision?
A 3 m s–1 to the left
B 13 m s–1 to the left
C 3 m s–1 to the right
D 13 m s–1 to the right
Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2015 Paper 13 Q12
Solution 1010:
Answer: B.
Let the positive direction be towards
the right.
For a perfectly elastic collision,
both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
For a perfectly elastic collision,
Relative speed of approach = Relative
speed of separation
‘Approach’ means getting closer to
each other.
Relative speed of approach = 5 + 15
= 20 ms-1
‘Separation’ means getting away from
each other.
Assume that the velocity of X is +v
(assume that it continues to move to the right after the collision. If that’s
not the case, the value of v would be negative, indicating that X moves to the
left after the collision). Y also moves to the right with a speed of (+)7ms-1.
From this assumption, for the 2 balls to be separating, Y must be faster than
X, else they would be approaching. Since both are moving in the same direction,
we need to take the difference between the 2 speeds to obtain the speed of
separation.
Relative speed of separation = 7 – v
7 – v = 20
Speed v = 7 – 20 = – 13 ms-1
Thus, X moves at 13 m s–1
to the left.
Question 1011:
[Waves > Stationary waves]
An organ pipe of length l is
open at both ends. Notes are produced by the pipe when stationary waves are set
up.
The speed of sound in the air column
is v.
What is the lowest (fundamental)
frequency of the note produced by the pipe?
A 2v / l B v / l C
v / 2l D v /
4l
Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2014 Paper 13 Q29
Solution 1011:
Answer: C.
Since the pipe is open at both ends,
antinodes (points of maximum displacement) will be present at each end. For a
note of lowest frequency, the stationary wave will consist of the 2 antinodes (mentioned
above) and a single node in the middle of the pipe (at length = l / 2).
Consider a wavelength λ.
This can be obtained by measuring the length between 3 consecutives antinodes (or
nodes).
The distance between the 1st
and the 3rd antinodes gives the wavelength.
The distance between the 1st
and 2nd antinodes give half the wavelength.
Thus, in the organ pipe, l = λ / 2 for the fundamental frequency
Speed v = f λ
Fundamental frequency f0
= v / λ = v / 2l [since
l = λ / 2]
Assalamulaikum,
ReplyDeleteFor question 1010 why cant we use sum of momentum before collision = sum of momentum after collision?
I have got exams on the 10th but I am struggling with momentum in past papers...
Please help
Jazakallah
I can be used, but it could finally be equivalent to the relative speed formula.
DeleteThe relative speed formula is a quicker and more appropriate way to solve the problem for perfectly elastic collisions.
and even if u use relative speed of approach b4= after u dont take right or left in consideration?
ReplyDeleteI mean b4 collision isn't Y supposed to be negative because its moving to the left?
Jazakallah
You need to forget the signs. As I said above, 'approach' means getting closer to each other. Since they are moving towards each other, the speeds need to be added.
DeleteA similar logic is used for the separation.
ohk so for separation , if one is positive the other one should be negative?
ReplyDeleteyeah, but just forget and +ve and -ve for these cases. They are getting away from each other, so they are separating. SO, we add the speeds for separation.
DeleteA little advice: do not just memorize formulae, but try to understand what's really happening. It becomes very simple then.
Could you please explain M/J 2005 Q14 ?
ReplyDeletesee solution 1112 at
Deletehttp://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2016/06/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-239.html
ohk,
ReplyDeleteThanks for the advise, Its true I do that most of the times..
But I panic a lot during the exams, though I try not to and I can't think Straight.. I did papers from 2005 onwards, but still not quite confident for my exams..
No problem.
DeleteIt should be enough. Try to see the mistakes you did in these papers
ok I will do so.
DeleteJazakallah
You saved my life man thank you soooooooooooooooooooooo much!!!!!!!
ReplyDelete9702/42/MJ/17 answer this please.
ReplyDeletewhich question?
Delete