Saturday, May 16, 2015

Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 143

  • Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 143



Question 705: [Quantum Physics]
(a) State what is meant by de Broglie wavelength.

(b) An electron is accelerated from rest in a vacuum through potential difference of 4.7 kV.
(i) Calculate de Broglie wavelength of the accelerated electron.
(ii) By reference to answer in (i), suggest why such electrons may assist with an understanding of crystal structure.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2012 Paper 43 Q7



Solution 705:
(a) The de Broglie wavelength is the wavelength associated with a particle that is moving

(b)
(i)
Kinetic energy {= VQ} = 1.6 × 10–19 × 4700 = 7.52 × 10–16 J
EITHER energy = p2/2m        OR EK = ½ mv2 and p = mv
Momentum p = √(7.52×10–16 × 2 × 9.1×10–31) = 3.7 × 10–23 N s
Wavelength λ = h / p = (6.63 × 10–34) / (3.7 × 10–23) = 1.8 × 10–11 m
                          
(ii) The wavelength is about the separation of atoms, so they can be used in (electron) diffraction.
 {The separation of atoms can be identified by diffraction of the electrons.}











Question 706: [Current of Electricity > Capacitance]
(a)
(i) Define capacitance.
(ii) A capacitor is made of two metal plates, insulated from one another, as shown in Fig.1.

Explain why capacitor is said to store energy but not charge.

(b) Three uncharged capacitors X, Y and Z, each of capacitance 12 μF, are connected as shown in Fig.2.

Potential difference of 9.0 V is applied between points A and B.
(i) Calculate combined capacitance of the capacitors X, Y and Z.
(ii) Explain why, when potential difference of 9.0 V is applied, the charge on one plate of capacitor X is 72 μC.
(iii) Determine
1. potential difference across capacitor X
2. charge on one plate of capacitor Y

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2012 Paper 41 & 42 Q5



Solution 706:
(a)
(i) Capacitance is the ratio of charge and potential (difference) / voltage.

(ii)  On each of the two plates, the capacitor has equal magnitudes of (+)ve and (–)ve charge. The total charge on the capacitor is therefore zero, and so, the capacitor does not store charge. Work needs to be done to separate the (+)ve and (-)ve charges on the plates. So, the capacitor stores energy to achieve this.

(b)
(i)
Capacitance of Y and Z together is 24μF.
1/C = (1/24) + (1/12)
C = 8.0μF 

(ii) (Some discussion as to why all charge of one sign on one plate of X.)
As the p.d. is applied, the positive charge would flow from positive terminal to each one plate of the capacitor, which would then become positively charged.
Q = CV = 8.0x10-6 x 9.0 = 72μC

(iii) Determine
1. V = Q / C = (8.0x10-6) / (12x10-6) = 6.0V

2.
Either Q = CV = 12x10-6 x 3.0 or charge is shared between Y and Z (9V – 6V)
Charge = 36μC.









Question 707: [Waves]
Microwave transmitter emits waves towards a metal plate. Waves strike the plate and are reflected back along their original path.

A microwave detector is moved along line PT.
Points P, Q, R, S and T are the positions where minima of intensity are observed. These points are found to be 15 mm apart.
What is the frequency of the microwaves?
A 5.0 GHz                  B 6.7 GHz                   C 10 GHz                    D 20 GHz

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2010 Paper 12 Q26



Solution 707:
Answer: C.
A stationary wave is formed. The distance between 2 consecutive minima gives half the wavelength.
Wavelength λ = 2(15) = 30mm = 0.03m

Speed v = f λ
Frequency, f = v / λ = (3×108) / 0.03 = 1×1010Hz = 10GHz










Question 708: [Electromagnetism]
(a) State what is meant by a magnetic field.

(b) Charged particle of mass m and charge +q is travelling with velocity v in a vacuum. It enters a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B, as shown in Fig.1.

Magnetic field is normal to the direction of motion of the particle. Path of the particle in the field is the arc of a circle of radius r.
(i) Explain why path of the particle in the field is the arc of a circle.
(ii) Show that radius r is given by the expression
r = mv / Bq

(c) A thin metal foil is placed in magnetic field in (b).
A second charged particle enters region of the magnetic field. It loses kinetic energy as it passes through the foil. The particle follows the path shown in Fig.2.

(i) On Fig.2, mark with an arrow the direction of travel of the particle.
(ii) Path of the particle has different radii on each side of the foil.
The radii are 7.4 cm and 5.7 cm.
Determine the ratio
final momentum of particle / initial momentum of particle
for the particle as it passes through the foil.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2011 Paper 41 Q5



Solution 708:
Go to
A charged particle of mass m and charge +q is travelling with velocity v in a vacuum.  It enters a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B, as shown in Fig. 5.1.










Question 709: [Gravitation]
Spherical planet has mass M and radius R.
The planet may be assumed to be isolated in space and to have its mass concentrated at centre.
Planet spins on its axis with angular speed ω, as illustrated in Fig.1.

Small object of mass m rests on equator of the planet. Surface of planet exerts a normal reaction force on the mass.
(a) State formulae, in terms of M, m, R and ω for
(i) gravitational force between planet and object
(ii) centripetal force required for circular motion of the small mass
(iii) normal reaction exerted by planet on the mass

(b)
(i) Explain why normal reaction on the mass will have different values at equator and at the poles
(ii) Radius of planet is 6.4×105m. It completes 1 revolution in 8.6×104s. Calculate magnitude of centripetal acceleration at
1. equator
2. one of the poles

(c) Suggest 2 factors that could, in case of a real planet, cause variations in the acceleration of free fall at its surface

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2008 Paper 4 Q1



Solution 709:
(a)
(i) F = GMm / R2
(ii) F = mRω2
(iii) Reaction force = (GMm / R2) – mRω2
{The force of gravity is attractive, so it attracts the mass towards the planet. The normal reaction opposes the gravitational force and thus acts outwards, away from the planet. Now, the resultant of these 2 forces provides the centripetal force.
Gravitational force – Normal reaction = Centripetal force
Normal reaction = Gravitational force – Centripetal force}

(b)
(i)
EITHER The value of R in the expression 2 varies          
OR mRω2 is no longer parallel to GMm /R2 / normal to surface

and becomes smaller as the object approaches a pole / is zero at pole
{The R in the expression GMm/R2 and the R in the expression mRω2 are different. In the first one, R is the radius of the planet (considered to be spherical). In the second equation, R is the perpendicular distance of the mass from the axis of spin of the planet. This axis passes through the centre of the sphere. At the equator, R is the same in both cases. However, at the poles, the ‘perpendicular distance of the mass from the axis of spin of the planet’ is actually zero. At the top of the sphere (pole), the distance of the surface from the axis is zero.}

(ii)
1.
{Acceleration = 2 and ω = 2πf}
Acceleration = (6.4x105) x (2π / {8.6x104})2 = 0.034ms-2

2. Acceleration = 0

(c) Choose any 2:
The ‘radius’ of the planet varies
The density of the planet is not constant
The spinning of the planet
Nearby planets / stars

22 comments:

  1. 12/O/N/10 Q.33
    11/M/J/11 Q.9,10

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. For 12/O/N/10 Q.33, go to
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2014/11/9702-november-2010-paper-12-worked.html

      Delete
  2. can you please explain oct/nov 2012, variant -11, (p-1) , Q.21? :)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Check solution 803 at
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/06/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-161.html

      Delete
  3. 41/M/J/11 Q.5(c)(i) Can you please show the path of the particle?

    ReplyDelete
  4. For Q.708 Please show the path of the particle in part (c)(i)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The path is already shown in the diagram - it's the curved line. You only need to insert the head of an arrow to indicate its direction. This is from the bottom to the top along the path.

      There could only be 2 directions - either the one stated above, or its reverse - both are along the path shown - the curved line.

      Delete
    2. why is the direction from top to bottom, and not its reverse?

      Delete
    3. From Fig 5.2, we can observe that the path is NOT the arc of a circle as in Fig 5.1.
      We are 2 options for the direction of the path: either from right to left or from bottom to top of the diagram.
      As the charged particle passes through the coil, it loses some kinetic energy. Its speed v decreases and so, the radius of the path also decreases (since r = mv / Bq). In the diagram, this reduction can be observed as we pass through the foil from the bottom to top and NOT from right to left along the path.

      Delete
  5. Solution 705 (b)(ii)
    Could you please explain the answer because I'm not sure what the question or answer is trying to specify...

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. By accelerating the electrons through different p.d.`s, electrons with different de Broglie wavelength are produced. Now, if one of these electrons is diffracted by a crystal, it means that the value of its de Broglie wavelength (this can be calculated as above) is similar to the separation of the atoms (this is inferred due to the diffraction taking place). Thus, diffraction allows us to predict the separation of the atoms in the crystal.

      Delete
  6. Why when mrw^2 =0 then normal reaction =0? Isn't the normal reaction at the pole= GMm/r^2 - mRw^2? So the normal reaction will be equal to the gravitational force isn't it

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. could you read again. It seems that the explanation is already available above - (b)(i) in red.

      Delete
  7. why is the acceleration 0 at the axis??

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Acceleration = Rω^2 where R is the perpendicular distance from the axis. At the poles, the value of R is zero. So, the acceleration = 0

      Delete
  8. Pls try to reply asap....

    Force of gravitation is towards the centre and F(centripetal) is also centre directed so how ????? F(normal) becomes F(gravity)-F(centripetal).

    Normal reaction is balancing both the forces by acting in opposite direction....
    or Fn should have been Fn= Fg + Fc

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Consider 2 forces: 10N and 7N both opposing each other.
      THe resultant would be 3N in the same direction as the 10N force.

      SImilarly, the centripetal is the resultant of the 2 other forces and there is no problem for it to be in the same direction as one of them. Here the centripetal force is in the same direction as the force of gravity.

      Delete
  9. 2015 may/june 9702/42 ...question number 5?

    ReplyDelete
  10. where can i find the answer to may-june, 2015, paper 41 question 6 b (ii) ?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. go to
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2017/12/9702-june-2015-paper-41-43-worked.html

      Delete
  11. can you please help me understand why for question 708 solution (c) (i) above why the answer is 'from bottom to top'? [june 2011 paper 41 question 5 c(i)]..
    thank you

    ReplyDelete

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