Friday, May 8, 2015

Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 135

  • Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 135



Question 671: [Radioactivity]
(a) Describe structure of an atom of the nuclide 23592U.

(b) Deflection of α-particles by a thin metal foil is investigated with the arrangement shown in Fig.1. All the apparatus is enclosed in a vacuum.

The detector of α-particles, D, is moved around path labelled WXY.
(i) Explain why apparatus is enclosed in a vacuum.
(ii) State and explain readings detected by D when it is moved along WXY.

(c) A beam of α-particles produces a current of 1.5 pA. Calculate number of α-particles per second passing a point in the beam.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2012 Paper 21 Q6



Solution 671:
(a) An atom of the nuclide 23592U has 92 protons in the nucleus and 92 electrons around nucleus. It also has 143 neutrons (in the nucleus).

(b)
(i) The α-particle travels short distance in air.

(ii) There is a very small proportion in the backwards direction / at large angles. The majority pass through the metal foil with no /small deflections.
EITHER most of the mass is in a very small volume (nucleus) and is charged
OR most of atom is empty space

(c)
Current I = Q / t
{The current is due to a number n of α-particles. An α-particle is a helium nucleus and thus has a charge of +2e.
Charge q of 1 α-particle = 2 × (1.6 × 10–19) C
Total charge Q = nq
Current I = (nq) / t = (n/t) q
(n/t): number of α-particles per second passing a point in the beam
(n/t) = I / q}
n / t = (1.5 × 10–12) /( 2 × 1.6 × 10–19) = 4.7 × 106 s–1











Question 672: [Work, Energy and Power]
A man has mass of 80 kg. He ties himself to one end of a rope which passes over a single fixed pulley. He pulls on other end of the rope to lift himself up at an average speed of 50 cm s–1.
What is average useful power at which he is working?
A 40 W                       B 0.39 kW                   C 4.0 kW                     D 39 kW

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2011 Paper 13 Q17



Solution 672:
Answer: B.
Average speed = 50 cm s–1 = 0.5 m s–1

Since we are considering an average speed, the acceleration on the system is zero. So, the resultant force on the rope is zero.

The weight of the man (= mg) acts downwards. So, the man should pull on the rope with an equal and opposite force, for the resultant to be zero.

Power = Fv = (80×9.81) × 0.5 = 392 W = 0.39 kW











Question 673: [Work, Energy and Power]
(a) State what is meant by work done.

(b) Trolley of mass 400 g is moving at a constant velocity of 2.5 m s–1 to the right as shown in Fig.1.

Show that kinetic energy of the trolley is 1.3 J.

(c) Trolley in (b) moves to point P as shown in Fig.2.

At point P speed of the trolley is 2.5 m s–1.
A variable force F acts to the left on trolley as it moves between points P and Q.
Variation of F with displacement x from P is shown in Fig.3.

Trolley comes to rest at point Q.
(i) Calculate distance PQ.
(ii) On Fig.4, sketch variation with x of velocity v for the trolley moving between P and Q.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2013 Paper 22 Q3



Solution 673:
(a) Work done on a body is the product of the force applied on the body multiplied by the distance moved (displacement) by the body in the direction of the force.

(b)
Mass = 400g = 0.4 kg
Kinetic energy = ½ mv2 = ½ × 0.4 × (2.5)2 = 1.25J ≈ 1.3J

(c)
(i)
Acceleration is not constant. Equation for uniformly accelerated motion cannot be used.
Let x be the distance between P and Q.
(from previous part) Work done = 1.3 J (or 1.25J)
Also, Work done = area under graph = ½ Fx
1.3 = (14x) / 2
So, x = 0.19m

Or, if Work done is taken to be 1.25J, x = 0.179m = 0.18m

(ii)
{From Fig.3, the force increases with distance, x. So, a straight line (which represents a constant acceleration) is incorrect.
A connection should be made between the increase in the opposing force, F with the distance. This is shown by an increase in gradient in the in variation of velocity with distance. That is, the speed decreases by a greater value over the same amount of distance as x increases.
Note that in a graph, a vertical straight line corresponds to a gradient = infinity while a horizontal straight line corresponds to a gradient = 0. Recall that gradient = ∆y/∆x.}
Take the origin to be at P.
At P, v = 2.5ms-1, x = 0m. And at Q, v = 0ms-1, x = 0.19m.
Since force increases with distance, the curve will have an increasing gradient.









Question 674: [Direct Sensing]
An electronic sensor may be represented by the block diagram of Fig.1.

(a) State function of the processing unit.

(b) Student designs a sensing unit for temperature change. A 4 V supply, a fixed resistor of resistance 2.5 kΩ and thermistor are available. Thermistor has resistance 3.0 kΩ at 6 °C and resistance 1.8 kΩ at 20 °C.
Complete circuit diagram of Fig.2 to show how the resistor and the thermistor are connected to provide an output that is greater than 2 V at 6 °C and less than 2 V at 20 °C. Mark clearly the output VOUT.

(c) Suggest two uses of relay as part of an output device.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2013 Paper 41 & 42 Q9



Solution 674:
(a) The processing unit operates on/takes signal from a sensing device so that it gives an output voltage.

(b)
The thermistor and resistor should be in series between +4V line and earth.
Vout shown clearly across thermistor
{The lower line (Earth) is at 0V and the upper line is at +4V. As we go from the upper line towards the Earth symbol, the potential should decrease.
The resistance of the thermistor 1.8 kΩ at 20 °C and 3.0 kΩ at 6 °C. The resistor has a fixed resistance of 2.5 kΩ. By connecting the 2 resistors in series, a potential divider circuit is formed.
The circuit is to be drawn such that at 20 °C, the output voltage is less than 2V. At 20 °C, the temperature of the thermistor is less than at 6 °C, so the p.d. across it will be less. Actually, it would be [1.8 / (1.8+2.5)] × 4 = 1.67. This is only a difference in potential (p.d.).
At this temperature, if the thermistor is connected to the upper line of +4V, then the upper terminal of the thermistor would be at +4V and its lower terminal (which is connected to the fixed resistor) would be at a potential of 4 – 1.67 = 2.33V. This is greater than 2V, so the output cannot be drawn from the upper line (of +4V) to the lower terminal of the thermistor. Also, the upper terminal of the fixed resistor is at 2.33V and its lower terminal (connected to Earth symbol) is at 0V. So, the output cannot be drawn between these 2 points too.
The correct way is to connect the thermistor to Earth. Since the p.d. across it at the temperature of 20 °C is 1.67V, the upper terminal of the thermistor would be at 1.67V and its lower terminal at 0V. So, the output can be drawn across these 2 points.}





(c) Choose any 2:
Remote sensing
Switching large current by means of a small current
Isolating circuit from high voltage
Switching high voltage by means of a small voltage/current

13 comments:

  1. Here is the remaining question for now:

    21/M/J/13 Q.6(c)(d)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Check solution 676 at
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/05/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-136.html

      Delete
  2. Sir, why aren't you posting any worked solutions for Paper 5 especially the diagram in question 1.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I don't plan to solve the practical papers right now. Maybe later (a lot of time later, actually). Drawing on the computer takes too much time, ...

      Delete
  3. Instead of drawing on the computer, you can draw on a piece of paper and take a picture of to upload it on this website or on your Facebook page. I really need an urgent help in paper 5 since I am giving my A Level in the October/November 2015 session.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I'll think about it. But I don't think I do this right now. Anyway, use the solutions for the other papers in the meantime.

      But check again, if I ever if the questions, you could read them.

      Delete
  4. Don't worry this idea had been tried before by so many people and the written working solutions were clear enough to be read. Just don't picture the whole A4 page in one snapshot. For one snapshot it should not be taken for more than half an A4 sheet. It has got to work very well with you. Go to this page to see an example: https://www.facebook.com/alvlmaths?fref=ts

    ReplyDelete
  5. That's not really the issue. Originally, I intended to delay the paper 5 for later. + For other reasons, ...

    ReplyDelete
  6. Can you please tell me by which month this year do you plan to start with paper 5 ?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It depends. I don't know when I'll start the paper 5. It may be this year, or it may be next year or even later.

      I don't recommend you to depend on this blog for papers right now.

      Delete
  7. Isn't that Decreasing gradient in solution 673?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. no, it is increasing but has a negative sign.

      A tangent at Q would be steeper than one at P. thus, the gradient is greater at Q.

      Delete
  8. n Q 672, why average speed is considered as Zero acceleration? Aint Constant / terminal speed only means Zero acceleration. ?

    ReplyDelete

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