Thursday, March 19, 2015

Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 89

  • Physics 9702 Doubts | Help Page 89



 Question 458: [Current of Electricity > Potential difference]
A 20 V d.c. supply is connected to circuit consisting of five resistors L, M, N, P and Q.

There is potential drop of 7 V across L and a further 4 V potential drop across N.
What are potential drops across M, P and Q?

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2013 Paper 13 Q38



Solution 458:
Answer: C.
This question can be easily tackled by considering the different loops present in the circuit and apply Kirchhoff’s laws to them.

Consider the loop: ‘+’ terminal supply – resistor L – resistor M – ‘-’ terminal supply
From Kirchhoff’s law, the sum of p.d. across any loop should be equal to the e.m.f. Analysis of the loop shows that a 7 V drop across resistor L must mean a 13V drop across M (to obtain a total 20V across L and M).

Notice that the direction of potential drop is also of significance.
Consider resistor L for example. The direction of potential drop is from left to right. Current flows from the ‘+’ terminal of the supply, so the junction on the left of resistor L should be at a higher potential (which is equal to 20V since there is no component between it and the ‘+’ terminal of the supply).
So, the direction of potential rise is from a greater value of potential to a small value of potential. Additionally, current flows from a greater potential to a smaller potential (as in the case of the ‘+’ terminal of the supply).

The junction between L and M is at a potential of 13V (since the right junction to which M is connected is at 0V as it is connected to the ‘-’ terminal of the supply).

There is a potential drop of 4V downwards across N, so current flows downwards. This means that the potential at the upper junction (between L and M) is greater than the lower junction (between P and Q) and the difference in potential is 4V.
Thus, lower junction (between P and Q) is at a potential of (13V – 4V =) 9V

So, the potential drop across resistor Q is 9V (since the right junction to which Q is connected is at 0V as it is connected to the ‘-’ terminal of the supply).

Finally, consider resistor P. Its terminal is at a potential of 20V and its right terminal is at a potential of 9V. Potential drop = 20 – 9 = 11V.

Important notice:
When considering a loop, it should start from one terminal of the supply and end at the other terminal. Only then will Kirchhoff’s law apply. For example, ‘+’ terminal supply – L – N – P – ‘+’ terminal supply is not a correct loop. You may notice that the sum of p.d. is not equal to the e.m.f. Additionally the flow of current is wrong.










Question 459: [Current of Electricity]
Diagram shows a length of track from model railway connected to a battery, a resistor and a relay coil.

With no train present, there is a current in relay coil which operates a switch to turn on a light.
When a train occupies the section of track, most of the current flows through wheels and axles of the train in preference to the relay coil. The switch in the relay turns off the light.
Why is a resistor placed between the battery and track?
A to limit the heating of the wheels of the train
B to limit the energy lost in the relay coil when a train is present
C to prevent a short circuit of the battery when a train is present
D to protect the relay when a train is present

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2013 Paper 13 Q35



Solution 459:
Answer: C.
When the train is present, it is stated that most of the current flows through the wheels and axles of the train in preference to the relay coil. So, there is little current in the relay coil. Thus, the energy lost in the relay coil when a train is present is already limited. The relay is also already protected. [B and D are incorrect]

Ohm’s law: V = IR giving current I = V / R
The resistor actually limits the current flowing in the circuit when the train is present. This prevents a short circuit of the battery when a train is present.

The heating of the wheels due to the current is small compared to that due to its motion.









Question 460: [Forces > Moment]
Rigid L-shaped lever arm is pivoted at point P.

Three forces act on the lever arm, as shown in diagram.
What is the magnitude of resultant moment of these forces about point P?
A 15 N m                    B 20 N m                    C 35 N m                    D 75 N m

Reference: Past Exam Paper – November 2010 Paper 11 Q13



Solution 460:
Answer: A.
We need to consider which forces will cause a clockwise moment and which cause an anticlockwise moment, that is consider how the lever would rotate about P due to each force.

Clockwise moment is caused by the 5N upward and 10N horizontal forces.
Anticlockwise moment is caused by the 15N downward force.

As for the distances, we need to consider the perpendicular distances from the line of action of the forces from point P.
Perpendicular distance of 5N force: (3m + 1m) – 2m = 2m
Perpendicular distance of 10N force: 2m
Perpendicular distance of 15N force: 3m

Magnitude of resultant moment = Anticlockwise moment – Clockwise moment
Magnitude of resultant moment = (15 × 3) – [(10 × 2) + (5 × 2)] = 15 N m








Question 461: [Electromagnetism > Hall probe]
Hall probe is placed distance d from long straight current-carrying wire, as illustrated. 
Direct current in wire is 4.0 A. Line XY is normal to wire.
Hall probe is rotated about line XY to position where reading VH of Hall probe is maximum.
(a) Hall probe is now moved away from wire, along line XY. Sketch graph to show variation of Hall voltage VH with distance x of probe from wire

(b) Hall probe is now returned to its original position, distance d from wire. At this point, magnetic flux density due to current in wire is proportional to current.
For direct current of 4.0 A in wire, reading of Hall probe is 3.5 mV. Direct current is now replaced by alternating current of root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value 4.0 A. Period of alternating current is T. Sketch variation with time t of reading of Hall voltage VH for 2 cycles of alternating current

(c) Student suggests that Hall probe in (a) is replaced with small coil connected in series with a millivoltmeter. Constant current in wire is 4.0 A. In order to obtain data to plot graph showing variation with distance x of magnetic flux density, student suggests that readings of millivoltmeter are taken when coil is held in position at different values of x. Comment on suggestion.

Reference: Past Exam Paper – June 2014 Paper 42 Q5



Solution 461:
Go to
A Hall probe is placed a distance d from a long straight current-carrying wire, as illustrated in Fig. 5.1.
 
 

37 comments:

  1. can you please explain the following
    -June 2010 paper 11 Q4
    -June 2011 paper 11 Q4
    June 2012 paper 11 Q36
    -November 2009 paper 11 Q31
    -November 2011 paper 11 Q32

    ReplyDelete
  2. For June 2011 paper 11 Q4, see solution 741 at
    http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/05/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-150.html

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. can you please give solutions to the rest i.e
      -June 2010 paper 11 Q4
      -June 2012 paper 11 Q36
      -November 2011 paper 11 Q32

      Delete
    2. For June 2010 paper 11 Q4, check solution 754 at
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/05/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-152.html

      Delete
    3. can you please explain the other two MCQs?

      Delete
    4. For June 2012 paper 11 Q36, see solution 762 at
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/05/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-154.html

      Delete
    5. For , see solution 432 at
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2015/03/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-82.html

      Delete
  3. In qu458, the sum of parallel p.d's should be equal to the total e.m.f of the power supply, that is to say, the p.d. across each resistor should be same since they are all parallel to one another. In this respect, the question does not make any sense to me. What am I missing and why am I wrong? Thank you.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. L and M are in series with each other. P and Q are in series with each other. Now, the combination L+M and the combination P+Q are in parallel with each other.

      So, the sum of p.d. across L and across M is equal to the e.m.f. Similarly, the sum of p.d. across P and across Q is equal to the e.m.f.

      Actually, the sum of p.d. in any loop is equal to the e.m.f. BUT, a loop should start form the positive terminal of the supply, and goes in only one direction and without going through the same component more than once, and ends with the negative terminal.

      Consider the following correct loops as described above.
      1. +ve terminal - L - M - (-ve) terminal
      2. +ve terminal - P - Q - (-ve) terminal
      3. +ve terminal - L - N - Q - (-ve) terminal
      4. +ve terminal - P - N - M - (-ve) terminal

      Here is an example of an incorrect loop.
      1. +ve terminal - L - N - P - +ve terminal
      This is not a complete loop
      OR consider this incorrect loop
      1. +ve terminal - L - N - P - L - M - (-ve) terminal
      Here, we go through L twice. This is not correct.

      Delete
    2. It all makes so much more sense now. You're extremely helpful!

      Delete
  4. for solution 38 if for example a circuit similar is given and we are supposed to find the total resistance then how should we consider? please helpp thanks your blog is really helpful

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I hope you are referring to solution 38 at
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2014/11/physics-9702-doubts-help-page-6.html

      The total resistance between points P and Q??
      1/R = 1/(500+1000) + 1/(2000+1000)
      R = 1000

      Delete
    2. no i was asking for 458 sorry my mistake i need the total resistance for circuit 458

      Delete
    3. i doubt that would be such a problem. What could be done is to find the total current in the circuit and use Ohm' s law to find the effective resistance. (For this question, some additional info may be added)

      Delete
  5. for solution 459 why will a large current flow through the circuit its written most of the current flows through wheels and axles

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. These are on the track which is part of the circuit

      Delete
  6. pleaseeee reply to my earlier messages (both)

    ReplyDelete
  7. For Q461 (a)
    why does curve start from x=d? Why not from x=(near)0?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. the probe is initially at a distance d and is moved AWAY. So, it was never at a distance less than d.

      Delete
  8. For 461 (b)
    When there is D.C in the wire the reading of current = 4A and voltage = 3.5 mV
    When there is A.C the R.M.S value of current is 4A and R.M.S voltage = 3.5mV
    Does this always mean the R.M.S voltage
    Of A.C will equal = Voltage At 4A in D.C if the R.M.S current in A.C is 4A??

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. a.c is a current that varies while d.c. does not.
      THe r.m.s. of an a.c. is actually the value of the direct current (d.c.) that would give the power.

      so, these 2 will be the same since the rms is itself a dc

      Delete
  9. for qn.458 ,if we consider +-L-N-P sum of pd becomes 0,so how can we say kirchoffs law does not apply

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. the circuit should be complete, from + to - terminals. In your case, it's going to the + again which is incorrect.

      Delete
  10. Replies
    1. go to
      http://physics-ref.blogspot.com/2018/08/a-110-v-dc-supply-is-connected-to.html

      Delete
  11. For solution 461, it does not appear to me why your VH approach infinity as x approach d, I thought the vertical aympstote should be x=0 but not x=d?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. the question tells us that the probe is initially a distance d and is moved AWAY. So, it cannot be at a distance less than d.

      Delete
  12. Can u explain the solution of 461 part c i couldn't understand the logic for the different positions in field there should be emf induced?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. An emf is induced when there is a CHANGE in the magnetic flux.
      There is a flux when the coil cuts the magnetic fields, i.e. it is in the magnetic field. But this alone does NOT induce an emf.

      There is an emf when there is a CHANGE in the magnetic flux – this can be achieved by either moving the coil or moving the magnetic field (by moving the magnets for example).

      So if the coil is placed in the magnetic flux and kept still, there is a FLUX but the flux is not changing, so there is no emf induced. But by moving the coil, the flux changes and thus, an emf is induced.

      Delete
  13. in qs 460 how you found out the 10 N prependicular distance?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. the 10N force acts horizontally.

      so, the 'perpendicular' distance would be vertical.
      The vertical distance from the horizontal line of action of the 10N to the pivot P is 2 m.

      Delete
  14. Please add explanation to both of the graphs (j14/42 q5

    ReplyDelete
  15. what is the relationship between hall voltage and magnetic field strength in part a

    ReplyDelete

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